Clients

• Shortcut: To add a new client, press Ctrl+N
• A group name is optional, but useful; you can produce an overall assessment report for a group of clients
• Shortcut: Edit a client's information by double-clicking the client's name
• To sort the client list, click the magnifying glass in the search box
• To show more client information in the green rectangle, select a client, then click the green rectangle.

Fitness Appraisals

• Shortcut: To start a new appraisal, press Ctrl+A
• You can change the unit of measure from centimeters to inches, or kilograms to pounds.
• If the appraiser's name is not in the list of appraisers/trainers, click 'New'.
• To select or de-select all tests under a heading, click the heading.
• To select or de-select all tests on the page, RIGHT-click an open space on the page.
• You can save any appraisal as a template for future appraisals. Click PRESET.
• For entering questionnaire responses (a, b, c …), a data entry window appears in questionnaire rows.
• Appraisals can record non-numeric data, such as Yes/No or other short answers - an alternative to a separate questionnaire. Yes/No data can be used in formulas. (Yes=1, No=0)
• You can record trial measurements for a test. (Skinfolds, for example.) Choose this option under Test Properties. Three input boxes will appear beside the test during data entry.
• Normally, appraisal reports show comparisons of test results to the last four appraisals; but you can compare any group of five appraisals by holding down the Ctrl key and clicking the appraisals you want.
• Report Option: A table of target training heart rates appears in reports, based on the recorded or estimated (220-age) maximum heart rate. You can choose the formula to use, as well as the starting percent effort.
• Report Option: Choose spheres or squares to represent ratings. Or add your own set of rating symbols: Create a folder within the 'Symbols' folder (in 'Health Reporter Data') and add one symbol image for each rating number. (The file name is the rating number.) The folder name will appear under 'Rating Symbol Set'.
• Report Option: Set the maximum height (in pixels) of bars representing test results in reports. Each Health Reporter subtemplate style for tests (large, medium, small) can have a different bar height.

Exercise / Rehabilitation Programs

• Shortcut: To start a new program, press Ctrl+N
• If the appraiser's name is not in the list of appraisers/trainers, click 'New''.
• You can add a TRAINING CALENDAR (dates on which the program should be performed.)
• You can drag exercises to any position on the program grid, or just double-click the exercise to add last.
• To add an exercise group HEADING, right-click the grid. (You can drag a heading to another position.)
• To add SUPERSET start and end markers, right-click the grid. (You can drag markers to other positions.)
• You can save any program as a template for future programs. Click PRESET.
• You can purchase collections of new exercises from the Help menu (top right).
• LINKED TEST relates an exercise to an appraisal test. For example, you can link Bench Press to Push-Ups. Linked Tests help you filter exercises by the appraisal test that it should improve.

Tests and Questions

• You can add any number of tests and questions, organized into any number of headings and sub-headings.
• Shortcut: To edit a test, heading or question, double-click it in the appraisal grid.
• Each test can have up to five ratings, numbered 0 to 4. The rating number determines which colored symbol is used to illustrate a test result in a report. The number is also used when summarizing results.
• Two tests can have the same name, but different units. (For example, LDL Cholesterol mmol/L / mgDL.)
• FORMULAS let you compute a score from the results of other tests.
• Health Reporter formulas can contain basic math operators (+-*/) only.
• 'Insert Function' insert one of the Health Reporter's built-in functions.
• Formulas can include test names, question names, as well as client height, weight and age.
• When resolving a formula, tests are replaced by their scores; questions are replaced by 1 for yes, 0 for no.
• You can add a NOTE to a test. If you tend to add the same notes repeatedly, type these under the Notes tab. They will then be available as a popup list to choose from.

Questionnaires

• The Health Reporter gives you a fast way to enter the RESULTS of a questionnaire.
• Setup the questionnaire scoring scheme by first adding a new test, choosing a test type of questionnaire, then, for each question, assigning each possible response a point value (for both men and women).
• GUIDANCE: You can attach guidance to any response. The text is then added to reports whenever a client chooses that response. For example, if the question is "Do you drink at least 8 glasses of water a day?", and the response is "Never", your reports could include remarks about the value of adequate hydration.

Report Templates

• The Health Reporter creates reports by filling in a report template with data from the current appraisal.
• A template is a standard Microsoft Word document; you can modify it just like any Word template.
• Shortcut: Double-click a template to open it.
• A report template is created by combining a selection of subtemplates, in the order listed.
• You change the order of subtemplates by dragging them to new positions.
• The ALL TESTS template includes every test (that has ratings) in the Health Reporter database.
• The CPAFLA template is a simple, one-page template, for use with the CSEP (csep.ca) CPAFLA.
• Any tests in a template, which are not part of the current appraisal, are removed when building the report; but the process is more efficient if you create your own templates, which include just the tests you use.
• Customize any template with your own text and graphics.
• A subtemplate represents one part of an appraisal report: a single test or a question, or a table of tests.
• A subtemplate can also be a page header, to divide a report into sections.
• Certain words in templates are preceded the character '. This indicates that the word will be replaced by data from the current appraisal. You can move these special words, but do not change their spelling.
• Templates contain BOOKMARKKS ( which look like an oversized gray I). They act as markers for the text, data or rating symbols that need to be added (or removed) when a report is built.
• A bookmark identifies a test or question by number, not by name. (A test's number is displayed on the Properties page, above the name, to the far right.)
• Templates include Microsoft Word STYLES, which define text properties like font size, color and type. To change your template’s look, it’s faster, and more consistent, to change these styles, not the text directly.
• BACKUP/RESTORE: The first time you open a template for editing, a backup copy is made. Subsequently, you can create a backup manually, by right-clicking the template and choosing 'Backup'. Later, if you need to revert to the original, right-click the template and choose 'Restore'.

Group Reporting

• FILTER GROUPS finds of a group clients by group name, gender, age, appraisal date or appraiser.
• COMPUTE STATS compiles all test results for the current group. (Only the results from each client’s last appraisal are considered.) All tests completed by at least one member of the group are listed.
• 'Overall Group Results' shows the percentage of the group that scored in each of rating category.
• 'All Clients and Test Scores' shows each test result, for each client, in either chart or table format.
• 'All Clients (Simple List): No test scores; just client information.
• Test Results Divided into Percentiles: Displays group results separated into either 5 or 10 percentiles.

Anthropometry Reference

The Health Reporter computes a Body Composition Score using a method developed by the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. This method considers any combination of the following measurements: BMI, Waist Circumference and the Sum of Five Skinfolds. The score reflects whatever client data is available. The Canadian Physical Activity, Fitness and Lifestyle Approach, 3rd Edition

Percent Body Fat: Jackson-Pollock 7-site

Chest, axilla, triceps, subscapular, abdominal (2cm right of umbilicus), suprailiac, front thigh

MEN: Body Density = 1.112 – 0.00043499 * (sum of 7 skinfolds) + 0.00000055 * (sum of 7 skinfolds) 2 – 0.00028826 * (age)

WOMEN: Body Density = 1.097 – 0.00046971 * (sum of 7 skinfolds) + 0.00000056 * (sum of 7 skinfolds) 2 – 0.00012828 * (age)

Percent Fat = (4.95 / Body Density – 4.50) * 100.

Percent Body Fat: Jackson-Pollock 3-site A

MEN: chest, front thigh, abdominal (2cm right of umbilicus)
Body Density (Males) = 1.10983 – 0.0008267 * (sum of 3 skinfolds) + 0.0000016 * (sum of 3 skinfolds) 2 – 0.0002574 * (age).

WOMEN: triceps, suprailiac, front thigh.
Body Density (Females) = 1.0994921 – 0.0009929 * (sum of 3 skinfolds) + 0.00000023 * (sum of 3 skinfolds) 2 – 0.0001392 * (age).
Percent Fat = (4.95 / Body Density – 4.50) * 100

Percent Body Fat: Jackson-Pollock 3-site B

MEN: chest, triceps, subscapular
Body Density (Males) = 1.1125025 – 0.0013125 * (sum of 3 skinfolds) + 0.0000055 * (sum of 3 skinfolds) 2 – 0.000244 * (age)

WOMEN: triceps, suprailiac, abdominal (2 cm right of umbilicus)
Body Density (Females) = 1.089733 – 0.0009245 * (sum of 3 skinfolds) + 0.0000025 * (sum of 3 skinfolds) 2 – 0.0000979 * (age).

Percent Fat = (4.95 / Body Density – 4.50) * 100

AS Jackson and ML Pollock (1985) Practical assessment of body composition, The Physician and Sport medicine 13(5):75-90.

Percent Body Fat: Durnin-Womersley

Biceps, triceps, subscapular, iliac crest

MEN - Body Density:
Age < 20: 1.1620 - 0.0630 * Log10 (sum of 4 skinfolds)
Age < 30: 1.1631 - 0.0632 * Log10 (sum of 4 skinfolds)
Age < 40: 1.1422 - 0.0544 * Log10 (sum of 4 skinfolds)
Age < 50: 1.1620 - 0.0700 * Log10 (sum of 4 skinfolds)
Age >= 50: 1.1715 - 0.0779 * Log10 (sum of 4 skinfolds)

WOMEN - Body Density:
Age < 20: 1.1549 - 0.0678 * Log10 (sum of 4 skinfolds)
Age < 30: 1.1599 - 0.0717 * Log10 (sum of 4 skinfolds)
Age < 40: 1.1423 - 0.0632 * Log10 (sum of 4 skinfolds)
Age < 50: 1.1333 - 0.0612 * Log10 (sum of 4 skinfolds)
Age >= 50: 1.1339 - 0.0645 * Log10 (sum of 4 skinfolds)

Percent Body Fat: Sloan-Weir

MEN: front thigh, subscapular
Body Density: 1.1043 – (0.00133 * front thigh) – (0.00131 * subscapular)

WOMEN: triceps, suprailiac
Body Density: 1.0764 – (0.00081 * suprailiac) – (0.00088 * triceps)

A Sloan and J Weir (1970) Namogram for prediction of body density and total fat from skinfold measurements, Med. Science Sports Exercise 16: 77-81

Percent Body Fat: Yuhaz

MEN: triceps, subscapular, iliac crest, chest, front thigh, abdominal (5cm left of umbilicus)
Body Density:     (Age <= 30) = (sum of 6 skinfolds) * 0.097 + 3.64
(Age > 30) = (sum of 6 skinfolds) * 0.1066 + 4.975

WOMEN: triceps, subscapular, iliac crest, rear thigh, front thigh, abdominal (5cm left of umbilicus)
Body Density:     (Age <= 30) = (sum of 6 skinfolds)) * 0.217 – 4.47
(Age > 30) = (sum of 6 skinfolds)) * 0.224 – 2.8

MS Yuhasz (1966). Physical Fitness and Sports Appraisal Laboratory Manual, London: The University of Western Ontario

Aerobic Reference

Bruce Treadmill

MEN: VO2max = 3.88 + 0.056 * (duration of test in seconds)

WOMEN: VO2max = 1.06 + 0.056 * (duration of test in seconds)

RA Bruce (1973) Maximal oxygen intake and namographic assessment of functional aerobic impairment in cardiovascular disease, American Heart Journal 85: 546-562

Balke and Ware Treadmill

Test Time in minutes:
< 2: VO2max = 0
< 4: VO2max = 15.1
< 6: VO2max = 19.0
< 8: VO2max = 22.4
< 10: VO2max = 26.0
< 12: VO2max = 29.7
< 14: VO2max = 33.3
< 16: VO2max = 36.7
< 18: VO2max = 40.6
< 20: VO2max = 44.1
< 22: VO2max = 47.6
< 24: VO2max = 51.4
≥ 24: VO2max = 55.0

B Balke & RW Ware (1959) An experimental study of physical fitness of air force personnel, US Armed Forces Medical Journal. 10:675

Balke and Ware Athletic Treadmill

Test Time in minutes:
< 2: VO2max = 0
< 4: VO2max = 17.5
< 6: VO2max = 22.0
< 8: VO2max = 26.4
< 10: VO2max = 30.9
< 12: VO2max = 35.4
< 14: VO2max = 39.8
< 16: VO2max = 44.3
< 18: VO2max = 48.7
< 20: VO2max = 53.2
< 22: VO2max = 57.7
< 24: VO2max = 62.1
≥ 24: VO2max = 66.6

B Balke & RW Ware (1959) An experimental study of physical fitness of air force personnel, US Armed Forces Medical Journal. 10:675

ACSM Maximal Treadmill

WAlKING: VO2max = 0.1 * treadmill speed (mph * 26.8) + 1.8 * treadmill speed * treadmill grade (percent / 100) + 3.5

RUNNING: VO2max = 0.2 * treadmill speed (mph * 26.8) + 0.9 * treadmill speed * treadmill grade (percent / 100) + 3.5

ACSM Sub-Maximal Treadmill

The ACSM maximal formula is used to calculate a sub-maximal VO2. This value is then multiplied by the predicted maximum heart rate (220 – age) and divided by the recorded, sub-maximal heart rate to arrive at a predicted VO2max.

Johnson, E.P. (Ed.) (2000). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and
prescription, Baltimore, MA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
Normative Data: Dr. Paul Schwann Applied Health and Research Centre (2002)

Ebbling and George Treadmill

WALKING: VO2max = 15.1 + 21.8 * treadmill speed (mph) – 0.327 * heart rate (bpm) – 0.263 * treadmill speed * age + 0.00504 * heart rate * age + (5.98 for men only)

CB Ebbeling (1991) Development of a single stage sub-maximal treadmill walking test, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Journal 23[8]: 966-973

RUNNING: VO2max = 54.07 + (7.062 for men only) – 0.1938 * weight (kg) + 4.47 * treadmill speed (mph) – 0.1453 * heart rate (bpm)

JD George (1993) Development of a sub-maximal treadmill jogging test for fit college-age individuals, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Journal 25[5]: 645-647

Gerkin Treadmill

Maximal test based on time alone (in 15-second increments.) Predicted VO2max ranges from 31.15 for 1 minute to 80 for 11 minutes. RD Gerkin

ACSM Maximal Cycle

WATTS = cycle ergometer speed (rpm) * 6.0 * resistance (kp) / 6.12

50 watts: VO2max = 0.9 * 1000 / weight (kg)
100 watts: VO2max = 1.5 * 1000 / weight (kg)
150 watts: VO2max = 2.1 * 1000 / weight (kg)
200 watts: VO2max = 2.8 * 1000 / weight (kg)
250 watts: VO2max = 3.5 * 1000 / weight (kg)
300 watts: VO2max = 4.2 * 1000 / weight (kg)
350 watts: VO2max = 5.0 * 1000 / weight (kg)
400 watts: VO2max = 5.7 * 1000 / weight (kg)

Values are interpolated, or extrapolated, as required.

Lea and Febiger (1991) American College of Sports Medicine, Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, (4th edition)

Åstrand and Rhyming Cycle

WATTS = cycle ergometer speed (rpm) * 6.0 * resistance (kp) / 6.12

An average of the last two sets of measurements (Watts, Heart Rate) predicts oxygen uptake.

PO Åstrand & K Rodahl (1977) Textbook of Work Physiology: Physiological Bases of Exercise, (2nd edition)

YMCA Sub-Maximal Cycle

The heart rate and power output recorded during the last two stages (of between two and four 3-minute stages) are used to predict a subject’s maximum VO2. The workrate for the first stage should be 150 kgm/min (0.5kg @ 50 rpm). The workrate for subsequent stages should be adjusted according to the heart rate (bpm) during the final minute of the previous stage. For example, if the heart rate recorded in the 3rd minute of stage 2 is 95, then the workrate for the stage 3 should be set at 600 kgm/min, or 1.5kg.

Heart rate in 3rd minute of the stage 1:
< 80: 750 kgm/min (2.5kg)
< 80 – 89: 600 kgm/min (2.0kg)
< 90 - 100: 450 kgm/min (1.5kg)
> 100: 300 kgm/min (1.0kg)

Heart rate in the 3rd minute of stage 2:
< 80: 900 kgm/min (2.5kg)
< 80 - 89: 750 kgm/min (2.0kg)
< 90 - 100: 600 kgm/min (1.5kg)
> 100: 450 kgm/min (1.0kg)

Heart rate in the 3rd minute of stage 3:
< 80: 1050 kgm/min (2.5kg)
< 80 - 89: 900 kgm/min (2.0kg)
< 90 - 100: 750 kgm/min (1.5kg)
> 100: 600 kgm/min (1.0kg)

Arm Cycle

VO2max = 3 * cycle ergometer resistance (kp) * flywheel distance (meters) * cycle ergometer speed (rpm) * weight (kg) + 3.5

Johnson, E.P. (Ed.) (2000). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and
prescription, Baltimore, MA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

Léger 20-meter Shuttle Run

1 minute: VO2max = 26.6
2 minutes: VO2max = 29.6
3 minutes: VO2max = 32.6
4 minutes: VO2max = 35.6
5 minutes: VO2max = 38.6
6 minutes: VO2max = 41.6
7 minutes: VO2max = 44.6
8 minutes: VO2max = 47.6
9 minutes: VO2max = 50.6
10 minutes: VO2max = 53.6
11 minutes: VO2max = 56.6
12 minutes: VO2max = 59.6
13 minutes: VO2max = 62.6
14 minutes: VO2max = 65.6
15 minutes: VO2max = 68.6
16 minutes: VO2max = 71.6
17 minutes: VO2max = 74.6
18 minutes: VO2max = 77.6
19 minutes: VO2max = 80.6
20 minutes: VO2max = 83.6

(½ minute values are interpolated.)

L Léger & C Gadoury (1988) The multistage 20-metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness, Journal of Sports Science. [6]: 93-101

CF (Canadian Forces) 20-meter Shuttle Run

1 minute: VO2max = 23.5
2 minutes: VO2max = 26.6
3 minutes: VO2max = 29.8
4 minutes: VO2max = 32.6
5 minutes: VO2max = 35.7
6 minutes: VO2max = 38.5
7 minutes: VO2max = 41.7
8 minutes: VO2max = 44.5
9 minutes: VO2max = 47.6
10 minutes: VO2max = 50.8
11 minutes: VO2max = 53.6
12 minutes: VO2max = 56.7
13 minutes: VO2max = 59.5
14 minutes: VO2max = 62.7
15 minutes: VO2max = 65.5
16 minutes: VO2max = 68.6
17 minutes: VO2max = 71.8
18 minutes: VO2max = 74.6
19 minutes: VO2max = 77.7
20 minutes: VO2max = 80.5

(½ minute values are interpolated.)

George 1.5-mile Run

VO2max = 88.02 + (3.716 for men only) – (0.1656 * weight in kg) – (2.767 * exercise time in minutes)

JD George (1993) VO2max Estimation from a sub-maximal one-mile track jog for fit college-age individuals, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Journal 25[3]: 401-406

mCAFT (CPAFLA) Step Test

The Canadian Physical Activity Fitness and Lifestyle Appraisal: CSEP’s Plan for Healthy Active Living (1996). Ottawa: Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology

CF (Canadian Forces) Step Test

Canadian Forces guidelines

ACSM Step Test

Johnson, E.P. (Ed.) (2000). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and
prescription, Baltimore, MA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
Normative Data: Dr. Paul Schwann Applied Health and Research Centre (2002)

Musculo-Skeletal Reference

Grip Strength / Push-ups / Partial Curl-ups / Vertical Jump / Leg Power / Sit and Reach

Canadian Physical Activity, Fitness & Lifestyle appraisal: CSEP’s Plan for Healthy Active Living (1996). Ottawa

1-Repetition Maximum Bench Press / Leg Press

The Cooper Institute for Aerobic Research

60-second Sit-ups

Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness (For 15-69 years of age)
Operations Manual, 3rd Edition (1986). Published by the authority of the Minister of State, Fitness and Amateur Sport, P. 39

Shoulder Flexion

Yuhasz, M.S. (1990) Physical Fitness Appraisal Laboratory Manual, University of Western Ontario
Normative Data: Dr. Paul Schwann Applied Health and Research Centre (2002)

Forward Hip Flexion

Reference Unknown
Normative Data: Dr. Paul Schwann Applied Health and Research Centre (2002)

Back Extensor Endurance

Biering-Sorensen, F. (1984) Physical measurements as indicators for low back trouble over a one-year period, Spine, 9(2), 106-119
Normative Data: Payne, N., Gledhill, N., Katzmarzyk, P.T., Jamnik, V. & Ferguson, S. (2000). Health implications of musculo-skeletal fitness, Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 25(2), 114-126

Medical Reference

Framingham 10-year Coronary Heart Disease Risk

Guidelines established by the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel-III
These guidelines have also been adopted by the Canadian Medical Association as an “attempt to harmonize cardiovascular risk assessment across North America.” – CMAJ, Oct. 289, 2003; 169 (9)